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Unity Glossary 2D Rendering 2D rendering creates visuals from flat graphic elements through specialized techniques like sprite batching, tile-based systems, and optimized draw calls, often enhanced with modern lighting and shader effects despite the two-dimensional nature. Learn more 3D Animation 3D animation is the process of making characters and objects move in a three-dimensional digital space. Learn more 3D CAD 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) refers to specialized design tools that provide precise geometric control for creating detailed models with exact measurements, supporting parametric modification through dimensional constraints for efficient design iteration. Learn more 3D Modeling 3D Modeling is the process of creating three-dimensional digital objects for games and interactive media. Learn more 3D Product Visualization 3D Product Visualization creates photorealistic digital twins of physical products for marketing, design review, and customer engagement, with meticulous attention to materials, lighting, and physical accuracy for convincing interactive product experiences. Learn more 3D Prototyping 3D prototyping enables rapid conceptualization and testing of spatial designs through quick visualization tools that validate ideas early in development, allowing teams to identify opportunities and challenges before committing significant resources. Learn more 3D Rendering 3D Rendering is the process of generating 2D images from 3D scene data using lighting algorithms, texture mapping, and material properties while balancing visual fidelity against performance requirements for real-time applications. Learn more 3D Visualization 3D visualization transforms complex information into interactive three-dimensional representations that allow users to explore spatial relationships from multiple perspectives, making abstract concepts more intuitive through dynamic, visually rich presentations. Learn more 6DOF Six Degrees of Freedom (6DOF) refers to the freedom of movement of a rigid body in three-dimensional space, allowing users to move forward/backward, up/down, left/right, and rotate along three perpendicular axes in virtual or augmented environments. Learn more 360 Video 360 video is a spherical recording that captures every direction at once, letting viewers pan and rotate their view during playback. Learn more A/B Testing A/B testing compares two versions of a game or app to see which one performs better. Learn more AAA Games A AAA (triple-A) game is a high-budget video game typically developed by a large team and backed by substantial publisher resources. Learn more Ad Exchange An Ad Exchange is a real-time online marketplace where advertisers can buy and sell ad space and impressions Learn more Ad Format An ad format is the type of ad displayed in an app, such as a banner, interstitial, rewarded video, or playable ad, that developers can use to monetize their apps. Learn more Ad Fraud Ad fraud is the deliberate process of preventing ads from being delivered to the intended audience in order to generate illegal revenue. Learn more Ad Impression Ad Impressions are counted whenever ads are displayed within an app. Learn more Ad Inventory Ad Inventory (or Advertising Inventory) is the ad space that a publisher is selling, which advertisers can buy. Learn more Ad Mediation Ad mediation is a technique that lets app developers manage multiple ad networks through a single SDK, so networks compete to fill each ad and raise revenue. Learn more Ad Network An Ad Network connects advertisers and app developers in order to promote their products. Learn more Ad Revenue Ad Revenue is the money apps generate from in-app advertising. Learn more Ad Server An Ad Server is a web-based app used by publishers to help with ad management, distributing ads to apps and web. Learn more Ad Unit An ad unit is an in-app placement that hosts a chosen ad format, with its own ID for mediation, tracking, and reporting. Learn more Ad waterfall Ad waterfalls are a system that enables developers to manage the ad networks they monetize with Learn more Ad Whales Ad Whales are the small percentage of app users who generate the majority of a developer's ad revenue. Learn more Ads.txt Ads.txt stands for Authorized Digital Sellers and is a text file that allows web publishers to publicly declare who is authorized to sell their digital inventory. Learn more Advertiser An advertiser is the entity that pays for an app or brand to be advertised. They are on the “demand” side of mobile marketing and they are looking to spread a specific message about their product. Learn more Agency Trading Desk Agency Trading Desks are media agency departments that handle digital advertising campaigns. Learn more Ambisonic Audio Ambisonic Audio refers to a full-sphere surround sound technique that captures and reproduces sound from all directions, enhancing immersion in virtual reality and 3D environments by providing realistic spatial audio. Learn more Anti-Aliasing Anti-aliasing is a rendering technique that smooths jagged edges in digital graphics. Learn more App Active Users App active users are called such when active users access an app within a given period of time, whether it be on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. Learn more App Discovery App discovery is the process by which mobile app developers get their app noticed by users. Learn more App Localization App localization is the process of adapting an app’s functionality, interface, and marketing to suit foreign domains. Mobile app usage worldwide is increasing which makes localizing your app especially important. Learn more App Metrics Mobile app metrics and mobile game analytics are used to measure the success of mobile apps. Learn more App Promotion App promotion is another term for mobile marketing and refers to the process by which app developers advertise their app. Learn more App Rating App Ratings allow users to give feedback on their app experience and recommends future apps to try. Learn more App Re-Engagement App re-engagement is the process of serving ads to people who have already shown interest in your app and have expressed previous intent to engage. Learn more App Session An app session measures how frequently users interact with an app. Higher frequencies mean users are more engaged. Learn more Application Programming Interface (API) An API, or Application Programming Interface is a set of rules that lets software components communicate with each other. Learn more AR Advertising Augmented reality advertising superimposes 3D assets onto the user’s real world. Check out ironSource’s app monetization glossary outlining all essential terms in plain English. Learn more AR Light Estimation AR Light Estimation is a feature that analyzes real-world lighting conditions through a device's camera to apply matching illumination to virtual objects, creating more realistic augmented reality experiences in architecture, retail, and automotive applications. Learn more ARCore ARCore is Google's platform for building augmented reality experiences that enables motion tracking, environmental understanding, and light estimation on Android devices for applications in education, retail, and construction. Learn more ARKit The ARKit is Apple's framework for creating augmented reality experiences that enables features like motion tracking, scene understanding, and light estimation on iOS devices for applications in healthcare, education, and retail. Learn more ARPDAU Average Revenue Per Daily Active User (ARPDAU) is a metric for measuring the success of your app monetization strategy in terms. Learn more ARPDEU ARPDEU (Average Revenue Per Daily Engaged User) is calculated by dividing total revenue by total engaged users. Learn more ARPPU ARPPU stands for ‘Average Revenue per Paying User’, and it refers to the estimated revenue a single paying user generates during a specified period. Learn more ARPU ARPU is the average revenue each active user generates. Learn more Attribution Mobile Attribution refers to the process of tracking which mobile advertising channel is attributed with a success metric. Learn more Audio Spatializer An Audio Spatializer is a system that creates the illusion of 3D sound by simulating how audio would behave in a physical space, enhancing immersion in virtual environments, architectural visualizations, and automotive simulations. Learn more Augmented Reality (AR) Augmented reality (AR) overlays digital content onto the real world, viewed through headsets or a smartphone camera. Learn more Augmented Virtuality (AV) Augmented Virtuality (AV) refers to a form of mixed reality where real-world objects or people are integrated into virtual environments, allowing physical elements to interact with predominantly virtual worlds in manufacturing, training, and educational applications. Learn more Banner Ads Mobile Banner Ads are a rectangular system-initiated ad unit, which can be either static or animated. Learn more Brand Advertising Brand advertising is a strategy to build brand recognition in order to establish strong, long-term credibility with consumers. Learn more Brand Lift Brand lift measures how your ads are affecting both consumer impressions and consumer behavior Learn more Brand Safety Maintaining brand safety is no easy task. According to one report, 75% of companies experience at least one brand safety incident a year. Learn more Casual Games Casual games are a mobile game genre that is designed for everyone and anyone and have simple rules, shorter sessions, and a low barrier to entry. Learn more Central Processing Unit (CPU) A central processing unit (CPU) is the central brain of computing devices, executing program instructions that drive real-time performance. Learn more CGI Animation Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) animation creates movement through digital character rigging, keyframe animation, and motion systems that combine predetermined sequences with dynamic responses to create convincing character behavior and environmental effects. Learn more Churn Rate Churn Rate is the percentage of users who uninstall or stop engaging with an app over time. Learn more Cinematic VR Cinematic VR means an immersive video experience where viewers can look around in 360 degrees but cannot interact with or move through the environment, often used for storytelling, architectural walkthroughs, or educational content. Learn more Click-through attribution Click-through attribution is a method of tracking user interactions that credits conversions to the specific advertisement a user clicked on, helping marketers understand which ads drive valuable actions. Learn more Click-Through Rate (CTR) Click-through rate (CTR) is the percentage of ad impressions that led to a user click. Learn more Cloud Storage Cloud storage provides remote data management solutions that enable development teams to collaborate effectively by providing centralized access to project assets and resources across multiple devices and locations. Learn more Computer Vision Cinematic VR means an immersive video experience where viewers can look around in 360 degrees but cannot interact with or move through the environment, often used for storytelling, architectural walkthroughs, or educational content. Learn more Connected data Connected data means information from various sources linked together in meaningful relationships, enabling more comprehensive analysis and insights across healthcare, manufacturing, retail, and other industries. Learn more Content Delivery Network Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a distributed server system that delivers digital assets to users from geographically optimized locations, reducing latency and improving load times for applications requiring large-scale content distribution. Learn more Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery or Deployment (CI/CD) CI/CD (continuous integration/continuous delivery) is a software development practice that uses automation to ship frequent, reliable updates. Learn more Conversion Rate (CVR) Conversion Rate (CVR) measures the percentage of users who complete a desired action after seeing an ad. Learn more Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the global time standard used to synchronize operations across time zones. Learn more Core Game Loop The core game loop is the repeatable cycle of actions players perform most often in a game, typically involving a challenge, an action, and feedback or a reward. Learn more Corrupted Text Corrupted text refers to data that has become unreadable or incorrectly formatted, requiring robust error handling systems including validation, proper encoding methods, and failsafe mechanisms to prevent crashes and maintain application stability. Learn more Cost Per Mille (CPM) CPM, or Cost Per Mille, is a pricing model based on the cost of 1,000 ad impressions. Learn more Cost Per Order Cost per order (CPO) is the pricing model that drives a mobile app’s user acquisition and sales. Learn more CPA CPA or cost per action marketing is a pricing model used in mobile UA campaigns in which advertisers choose a post-install action to measure, and only pay for users who engage in that action. Learn more CPC Cost Per Click (CPC) Advertising is a pricing model in UA campaigns which app advertisers pay each time user clicks their in-app ad. Learn more CPCV CPCV: Cost Per Completed View is a pricing model in which advertisers pay each time a video has been viewed through to completion. Learn more CPE Cost Per Engagement (CPE) is a pricing model used in user acquisition campaigns where app advertisers only pay for post-install events. Learn more CPI (CPI) Cost Per Install is a pricing model, in which app advertisers pay each time a user installs their app from their ad. Learn more CPQ Configure, Price, Quote (CPQ) is a system that streamlines the sales process by allowing customers to configure complex products, generate accurate pricing, and receive automated quotes based on their specific requirements. Learn more CPV Cost Per View (CPV) is a campaign pricing model, in which advertisers pay each time their mobile video ad is viewed. Learn more Creative A creative is an individual ad asset, such as an image, video, or playable, used in an advertising campaign. Learn more Cross Promotion Cross promotion is an app marketing strategy in which app developers promote one of their titles on another one of their titles. Learn more Customer Cohort Analysis Customer Cohort Analysis is a tool that lets app developers track and study user behavior over time. Learn more Customer Engagement Customer engagement refers to the meaningful interactions users have with a product that create emotional investment and long-term loyalty through compelling experiences, social connections, and progression systems that respect user time while delivering consistent value. Learn more Customer Retention Customer retention focuses on keeping users engaged long-term through compelling experiences, regular content updates, and community building strategies that maintain interest and encourage continued interaction with digital products. Learn more Cyber Sickness Virtual Reality Sickness (Cyber Sickness) refers to a form of discomfort experienced when stationary users perceive motion in immersive environments, caused by factors like lag, refresh rates, and visual discrepancies that require careful content design to mitigate. Learn more Data Transformation Data transformation means the conversion of information between different formats and structures to optimize for specific uses, from asset pipeline processing to analytics systems, enabling efficient operation across diverse platforms and use cases. Learn more Data Visualization Data visualization is the graphical representation of complex information that transforms abstract data into visual models, enabling users to quickly identify patterns and make more informed decisions across various industries. Learn more DAU Daily Active Users (DAU) is the total amount of users who visit an app on a daily basis. Learn more Deep Linking Deep linking is a hyperlink, or deep link URL, that directs a user to a specific piece of in-app content. Learn more Demand Side Platform (DSP) A demand-side platform (DSP) is advertising technology that helps advertisers and agencies automate the purchase of digital ad inventory across publishers, exchanges, and supply-side platforms. Learn more DevOps DevOps is a culture and set of practices that combines software development and IT operations to deliver better software faster. Learn more Digital Energy Digital Energy focuses on optimizing power consumption across hardware and software layers through intelligent resource management systems that balance performance needs against energy efficiency, extending battery life while maintaining responsive user experiences. Learn more Digital Engineering Digital Engineering encompasses the comprehensive technical infrastructure that supports product development, including asset creation pipelines, build systems, testing frameworks, and deployment tools that enable efficient creation and iteration. Learn more Digital Manufacturing Digital Manufacturing Learn more Digital Transformation Digital Transformation means the strategic adoption of digital technologies across business operations, including real-time 3D visualization and interactive experiences that fundamentally alter how organizations deliver value and engage with customers. Learn more Digital Twin A Digital Twin is a data-enriched virtual replica of a physical object or system that simulates real-world behavior. Learn more eCPI Effective Cost Per Install (eCPI) is a comprehensive marketing metric that calculates acquisition costs while accounting for organic factors like viral growth, providing a more complete picture of user acquisition economics. Learn more eCPM eCPM is the ad revenue generated per 1,000 ad impressions. Learn more Embedded Systems Embedded systems are specialized computing devices designed to perform dedicated functions within larger systems, requiring efficient code optimization and hardware-specific programming to ensure reliable performance within resource constraints. Learn more End card An End Card is a static visual advertisement displayed at the conclusion of video ads, featuring essential app information and a call-to-action to drive user engagement and installation. Learn more Engagement Rate Engagement Rate is the percentage of users who actively engage with ads in an app. Learn more Extended Reality (XR) Extended Reality (XR) serves as an umbrella term encompassing all immersive technologies including virtual, augmented, and mixed reality that enhance or replace our view of the world through digital experiences. Learn more Eye Tracking Eye Tracking technology monitors user gaze direction within head-mounted displays, enabling intuitive control mechanisms, improved rendering efficiency through foveated rendering, and more natural interaction with virtual environments. Learn more Face Tracking Face Tracking refers to computer vision technology that captures and analyzes facial movements in real-time, enabling more realistic character animations and interactive experiences in games and simulations. Learn more Field-of-Regard Field-of-Regard encompasses the total viewable area accessible to a user from a fixed position when accounting for eye, head, and neck movements, forming the foundation for immersive experience design. Learn more Field-of-View Field-of-View (FOV) refers to the observable area visible to a user when looking straight ahead, typically measured in degrees, with higher values in head-mounted displays creating more immersive experiences by filling more of the user's vision. Learn more Fill Rate Fill rate is an app metric calculated by dividing the number of ad impressions an app shows by the number of times an app has requested an ad from an ad network. Learn more Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) describes the integration of digital technologies, IoT systems, AI, and human-machine interfaces that is transforming industrial processes and creating new possibilities across manufacturing and engineering. Learn more Foveated Rendering Foveated Rendering is an optimization technique that mimics human vision by rendering high detail in the center of view while reducing quality in peripheral areas, improving performance and enabling richer visual experiences on limited hardware. Learn more Frames Per Second (FPS) Frames per second (FPS) measures how many images a game or application displays each second. Learn more Frequency Capping Frequency Capping is limiting the number of times a user sees an ad in a day or session. Learn more Frustum Culling Frustum Culling means a performance optimization technique that prevents rendering objects outside the camera's viewable area (frustum), significantly improving application performance by reducing unnecessary processing of invisible elements. Learn more Game Bundles Mobile Game Bundles give users the option to buy several game apps in a single purchase. Learn more Gametech Game technology, or gametech, refers to dedicated solutions and services that are used throughout a game’s lifecycle and are built especially for the purpose of game development. Learn more Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) A GPU is a specialized processor designed to perform many calculations in parallel to render graphics and accelerate AI workloads. Learn more Graphics Transformation Pipeline Graphics Transformation Pipeline refers to the sequential process that converts 3D objects into their final rendered positions within a scene, managing spatial transformations through world, view, and projection matrices for accurate visual representation. Learn more Growth Loop The Growth Loop is a holistic approach to game growth which merges the monetization and user acquisition sides of the business to create a virtuous cycle of growth. Learn more Haptics Haptics, or touch feedback, uses vibrations and forces to simulate physical sensations in digital and VR/AR interactions. Learn more Head Tracking Head Tracking monitors the position and movement of a user's head in real-time, enabling natural viewing perspectives in virtual environments and serving as an intuitive input method for navigation and interaction. Learn more Head-Up Display (HUD) A head-up display (HUD) shows critical information directly in your field of view, without requiring you to look away. Learn more Headset Head-Mounted Display (Headset) is a wearable device containing screens and optics that deliver immersive visual experiences by placing display technology directly in front of the eyes, available in various forms from smartphone holders to high-end standalone units. Learn more Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Human-Machine Interface (HMI) lets an operator monitor and control equipment through a visual, interactive display. Learn more Hybrid-casual games Hybrid-casual games include simple, marketable core gameplay with additional engagement layers designed to create a richer gaming experience. Learn more IIoT Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to interconnected smart industrial devices that collect and analyze data to optimize operations, enable predictive maintenance, and drive more informed decision-making across manufacturing environments. Learn more Immersion Immersion is the psychological state of being completely absorbed in a digital environment through multisensory engagement, forming the foundation of compelling virtual experiences by minimizing awareness of the physical world. Learn more Immersive Entertainment/Hyper-Reality Immersive Entertainment combines physical elements with digital technologies to create multisensory experiences that blur the line between reality and virtual content, often found in location-based venues like theme parks and arcades. Learn more Immersive Experiences Immersive Experiences means digital content that engages multiple senses to create a strong feeling of presence, ranging from interactive simulations to 360° video, designed to transport users beyond traditional screen-based media. Learn more Immersive Retail Immersive Retail transforms shopping experiences through interactive 3D product visualization and virtual environments that allow customers to explore merchandise from any angle, test configurations, and experience virtual try-ons before purchasing. Learn more Immersive training Immersive training leverages virtual and augmented reality to create hands-on learning environments that enhance skill acquisition through realistic simulations, improving knowledge retention while reducing costs and risks associated with traditional training methods. Learn more Impression Level Revenue Impression level revenue represents the value of the revenue generated by devices from ads viewed in-app Learn more In-App Advertising In-App Advertising is an app monetization strategy, in which app developers get paid to show ads to their users. Learn more In-App Bidding In-App Bidding (IAP) is an automated monetization solution in which ad sources bid for impressions in real-time. Learn more In-App Marketing The term “In-app marketing” refers to any kind of marketing campaign that is developed for, and deployed within, a mobile application. Learn more In-App Purchase An in-app purchase (IAP), also called an in-app payment, is any transaction a user makes inside a mobile or desktop application after downloading it. Learn more In-Game Purchase An in-game purchase lets users purchase subscriptions or virtual goods within apps, like currency or upgrades. Learn more about in-game purchases. Learn more Indie Games An indie game is a video game developed by an individual or independent studio, typically with greater creative and financial independence from major publishers. Learn more Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) An IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) is a sensor that measures a device's motion and orientation using accelerometers and gyroscopes. Learn more Input An input is any signal a player sends to a game, through a keyboard, controller, touchscreen, or motion tracker. Learn more Inside-Out/Outside-In Tracking Inside-Out/Outside-In Tracking refers to two competing approaches for positional tracking: inside-out uses cameras on the headset to track movement relative to the environment, while outside-in relies on external sensors to monitor device position, each offering different trade-offs in setup complexity and tracking precision. Learn more Install Rate (IR) IR, or install rate, is the percentage of ad clicks that result in app installs. It is a key metric for measuring the effectiveness of a user acquisition campaign after a user clicks an ad. Learn more Interactive Ads Interactive Ads are ad units designed for user interaction, requiring users to take an active role in the ad experience. Learn more Interpupillary Distance (IPD) Interpupillary distance (IPD) is the distance between a user's pupils, a key factor in VR headset comfort and fit. Learn more Interstitial Ads An Interstitial Ad is a full-screen ad unit which engages users at natural pauses in an app’s flow. Learn more iOS IDFA IDFA is an acronym for The Identity for Advertisers, this is the unique identifier given by Apple to each device. Crucial for mobile attribution, i.e. tracking the user journey, its purpose is to measure user interactions with ad campaigns and track events like installs and in-app activity. Learn more IPM IPM is the number of app installs per thousand ad impressions. Learn more K-Factor K-Factor is a metric which describes the virality growth rate of apps. Learn more KPI Key Performance Indicator (KPI) refers to quantifiable metrics that track progress toward specific business objectives, helping organizations evaluate success and identify areas needing improvement across development, marketing, and operational activities. Learn more Latency Latency is the delay between user action and system response in digital environments, with lower values (ideally under 20ms for immersive applications) being crucial for comfortable experiences that prevent disorientation and simulation sickness. Learn more Level of Detail (LOD) Level of detail (LOD) is a 3D rendering technique that swaps in simpler versions of a model as it takes up less of the screen, reducing rendering work while maintaining visual quality. Learn more Lifetime Value (LTV) LTV (lifetime value) predicts the total revenue a single user generates over their lifetime in an app. Learn more Light Field Technology Light Field Technology captures the direction and intensity of light rays from multiple angles, enabling post-capture adjustments to focus, perspective, and depth in immersive content while allowing users greater freedom of movement compared to traditional capture methods. Learn more Light Field Video Light Field Video extends light field photography to moving images, allowing for post-production manipulation of focus, perspective, and depth, creating more realistic and interactive immersive video experiences with enhanced spatial understanding. Learn more Low-Persistence Display Low-Persistence Display technology reduces motion blur by illuminating pixels only for brief periods rather than continuously, resulting in clearer visuals during head movement and significantly reducing user discomfort in immersive applications. Learn more Machine Learning Human-Machine Interface (HMI) provides intuitive visual and interactive systems that enable operators to efficiently monitor and control complex equipment or processes across manufacturing, automotive, and other industrial applications. Learn more MAU App Monthly Active Users (MAU) is an app usage metric which reveals the total amount of users who visit an app within a 30 day period. Learn more Mixed Reality Capture Mixed Reality Capture (Mixed Cast) refers to a technique that combines real-world video of VR users with simultaneous footage from within the virtual environment, creating compelling demonstrations that effectively communicate the VR experience to spectators. Learn more ML-Agents Unity Machine Learning Agents (ML-Agents) is an open-source toolkit that enables developers to create environments where AI agents can learn complex behaviors through reinforcement learning techniques, ideal for creating realistic NPC behaviors and simulations. Learn more MMP Mobile Measurement Partner (MMP) provides third-party attribution and analytics services that help developers track marketing campaign performance across multiple channels while offering unbiased verification of user acquisition metrics. Learn more Mobile Ad Fraud Mobile Ad Fraud is artificially inflating the number of ads served and subsequently making money from mobile ad spend. Learn more Mobile App Ads App developers looking to earn revenue from ads typically partner with a mediation platform that aggregates various ad networks and integrate its SDK into their tech stack. Learn more Mobile App Growth The mobile app market is constantly growing and becoming a more competitive industry, making app growth strategy a complicated and integral part of your app’s success. Learn more Mobile app monetization Mobile app monetization is a process for developers to generate revenue, or make money, from their app or game. Learn more Mobile App Retention Mobile app retention refers to an app’s ability to keep users coming back, and is important because it shows app developers exactly what day in the app lifecycle users begin dropping off and offers insight as to why some don’t return. Learn more Mobile Attribution Manipulation Mobile Attribution Manipulation is a fraudulent practice of unnecessarily serving mobile ads to users close to conversion. Learn more Mobile Attribution Window The mobile attribution window is the time period advertisers pre-set in which publishers can claim credit for a conversion and ultimately be attributed for the install. Learn more Mobile Bid Adjustments & Multi-Bidding Bid adjustments allow advertisers to increase or decrease their bids for ad groups or campaigns in order to change how frequently their ads are viewed, according to where, when, and how people search Learn more Mobile CPA Mobile CPA is a pricing model used in mobile marketing and user acquisition campaigns that stands for Cost Per Action. Learn more Mobile CPI While mobile CPI is not too complex, it’s important to take into consideration various factors when buying on a CPI basis. Learn more Mobile Delivery Platform Mobile delivery platforms are the middlemen that help mobile operators and device manufacturers connect advertisers with users of mobile devices. Learn more Mobile Game Business Models A mobile game business model is a monetization strategy developers use to drive revenue for their app Learn more Mobile Game Marketing The most effective way to market your game is with a comprehensive mobile game marketing strategy. You must first know your target audience. Learn more Mobile Game Monetization Mobile game monetization is how developers earn revenue from a mobile game. The main revenue models are in-app advertising, in-app purchases, subscriptions, and paid or premium downloads. Learn more Mobile Onboarding With Aura, mobile marketers have the option to advertise their app during the mobile device onboarding experience. Learn more Mobile User Acquisition Mobile User Acquisition involves running paid advertising campaigns to acquire new users, with the goal being to maximize profit by acquiring users who eventually monetize for more than they were purchased for. Learn more Motion Tracking Motion Tracking technology captures and digitizes physical movements in real-time, allowing users to navigate and interact with virtual environments naturally by mapping their real-world actions to corresponding virtual movements. Learn more Motion-to-Photon Latency Motion-to-Photon Latency measures the total delay between a user's physical movement and when that movement is visually reflected in a display, with lower values (ideally under 20ms) being critical for preventing discomfort in immersive applications. Learn more MR Mixed Reality (MR) means a hybrid experience where digital and physical elements coexist and interact in real-time, placing it on a spectrum between pure virtual reality and augmented reality to create environments where virtual objects are anchored to and interact with physical spaces. Learn more Multi-Pass Stereo Rendering Multi-Pass Stereo Rendering refers to a traditional rendering approach that processes each eye's view separately, creating greater computational demands than more optimized methods and potentially limiting visual complexity in immersive applications. Learn more Native Advertising Native Advertising is a fully customizable system-initiated ad unit that matches apps design. Learn more OEM Advertising In the mobile industry, original equipment manufacturer (OEM) refers to companies or people who manufacture their own phones in their own factories. Learn more Online Advertising Online advertising is any paid promotion delivered over the internet, including display, video, search, and social ads. Learn more OpenVR SDK/API OpenVR SDK/API is Valve's development toolkit designed specifically for creating content compatible with SteamVR and Vive hardware, providing access to VR device features while abstracting hardware differences for developers. Learn more OpenXR OpenXR refers to an open, royalty-free standard that provides a unified interface for developers to access various VR and AR platforms, reducing fragmentation and enabling applications to run across multiple hardware ecosystems without significant reworking. Learn more Organic Installs Organic Installs are when a user installs an app all on their own, either from active browsing, app store search, etc. Learn more Over-The-Top Advertising (OTT) OTT (over-the-top) advertising refers to streaming content delivered directly to viewers over the internet, bypassing cable and satellite providers. Learn more Pay Per Install Pay per install is a pricing model in which advertisers pay for every install their ad campaign generates. Learn more Performance Advertising Performance advertising (or pay for performance advertising) is a marketing strategy to produce specific financial results within a specific time period Learn more Performance Marketing Performance marketing is a type of marketing where advertisers pay only when a specific, measurable result is achieved. Learn more Phone Widgets A phone widget is a type of mobile app that is always active on your cell phone’s home screen, unlike regular apps which must be tapped to launch. Learn more Playable Mobile Ads Playable mobile ads are mini-game ad units. Check out ironSource’s app monetization glossary which gives examples, definitions & more. Click here. Learn more Positional Tracking Positional Tracking monitors the precise location and movement of VR headsets, controllers, and other objects in three-dimensional space, enabling users to physically navigate virtual environments and interact with digital content using natural movements. Learn more Post FX for VR Post Processing Stack (Post FX for VR) involves applying visual enhancements like color grading, bloom, and depth of field after scene rendering, creating more visually compelling immersive experiences while maintaining performance through optimized rendering pipelines. Learn more Post-Install Event A Post-Install Event is any user action or event that happens during usage of an app, after the app has been installed. Learn more Predictive Maintenance Predictive Maintenance uses data analytics to identify potential system issues before they cause failures by monitoring performance metrics, resource utilization, and user behavior patterns to enable proactive optimization and prevent disruptions. Learn more Preloaded Apps Preloaded apps are mobile apps which are installed and licensed on new devices before they’re purchased. Learn more Presence Sense of Presence refers to the psychological state of feeling genuinely situated within a virtual environment rather than merely observing it, considered the highest achievement in immersive design when users instinctively respond to virtual stimuli as if they were real. Learn more Product Configurator A product configurator is an interactive tool that lets customers customize products in real-time 3D before buying. Learn more Programmatic Advertising Programmatic advertising uses automatic technology to enable mobile advertisers to buy ad inventory. Learn more Progressive loading Progressive loading is a mechanism exclusive to Unity that helps ensure a rewarded video is always available to play with zero latency, even just after another rewarded video closes. Learn more Publisher An ad publisher is an app or website owner who sells advertising space to advertisers. Learn more Ray Tracing Ray tracing is a rendering technique that simulates real light behavior to create physically accurate reflections and shadows. Learn more Real-time 3D Real-time 3D technology renders complex three-dimensional environments instantly as changes occur, allowing immediate visualization of design modifications and enabling interactive experiences across industries from gaming to architectural visualization and digital twins. Learn more Render Loop Render Pipeline (Render Loop) defines the sequence of operations a graphics engine performs to transform 3D scene data into a final frame, with specialized VR pipelines optimized to efficiently render separate views for each eye while maintaining performance. Learn more Render Target A Render Target is a memory buffer where graphics are drawn before display, with Render Target Arrays enabling simultaneous output to multiple destinations - particularly useful in VR for efficiently rendering different views for each eye. Learn more Render Texture Render Texture is a special texture type that's generated and updated during runtime, allowing cameras to render their view into a texture that can be used as a material on other objects for effects like security monitors or portals. Learn more Retention Rate The App Retention Rate is the percentage of users who continue engaging with an app over time. Learn more Return On Ad Spend (ROAS) ROAS (return on ad spend) measures how much revenue an advertising campaign generates for every dollar spent. Learn more Rewarded Video Rewarded video is an opt-in ad format where a player chooses to watch a short video ad in exchange for an in-game reward, such as virtual currency, extra lives, or a power-up. Learn more Rigging in Animation Rigging in animation (also known as character rigging, or skeletal animation), is the first step in animating a digital character. Binding a model to a skeletal hierarchy of bones and controls enables you to pose and animate characters. Learn more Robotics simulation Robotics Simulation provides virtual environments for designing, testing, and training robotic systems before physical deployment, significantly reducing development costs and risks while accelerating iteration cycles through realistic physics simulation. Learn more Scene Graph Scene Graph is a hierarchical data structure that organizes all objects in a 3D environment, defining spatial relationships and enabling efficient rendering through operations like culling to minimize computational demands on real-time applications. Learn more Screen Resolution Screen Resolution in immersive displays refers to the pixel density available per eye, with higher resolutions (minimum 1080×1200 per eye) being critical for reducing the "screen door effect" and creating convincing virtual environments when viewed at close proximity. Learn more SDK Integration SDK integration is the process of importing a library file, known as a software development kit, into your project in order to use that file’s functions. Learn more Server Hosting Server hosting provides the infrastructure that supports online applications by managing authentication, data synchronization, and persistent state management through optimized architecture that balances performance, reliability, and scalability. Learn more Single-Pass Stereo Rendering Single-Pass Stereo Rendering is a performance optimization technique that renders both eye views simultaneously into a packed texture, significantly reducing CPU workload by sharing culling and shadow data between views for more efficient VR experiences. Learn more SKAdNetwork StoreKit Ad Network (SKAdNetwork) is Apple's privacy-focused attribution API that allows advertisers to measure campaign effectiveness through aggregated install data without tracking individual user activity across applications. Learn more SLAM Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) refers to the computational process where a device creates a map of its surroundings while simultaneously tracking its position within that environment, essential for spatial understanding in AR applications. Learn more Social Ad Networks (SANs) Social Ad Networks enable advertisers to reach large audiences across an array of channels, including devices and apps, to achieve scale. Learn more Soft Launch A soft launch releases a game in limited markets before its full worldwide launch. Learn more Software Development Kit (SDK) An SDK (software development kit) is a bundle of tools and code a developer uses to add a feature to an app without building it from scratch.An SDK (software development kit) is a bundle of tools and code a developer uses to add a feature to an app without building it from scratch. Learn more Source Code Management Source code management (SCM) is the process of tracking modifications and managing changes to source code. Learn more Spatial Audio Spatial audio is sound that appears to come from a specific location in 3D space around the listener. Learn more Stereo Instancing Stereo Instancing is an advanced rendering optimization that builds upon single-pass techniques to further improve VR performance through hardware acceleration, allowing developers to create more complex and detailed virtual environments while maintaining smooth framerates. Learn more Stereoscopy Stereoscopy recreates natural depth perception by presenting slightly different images to each eye, allowing the brain to interpret spatial relationships in virtual environments similar to how we perceive the physical world through binocular vision. Learn more Supply Path Optimization (SPO) Supply path optimization (SPO) is the process of evaluating and consolidating programmatic advertising supply paths to reduce unnecessary intermediaries, improve transparency, and increase buying efficiency. Learn more Supply-Side Platform (SSP) A supply-side platform (SSP) is technology that helps publishers sell ad inventory to multiple buyers at once. Learn more Suppression List A Suppression List is an audience list that advertisers share with an ad network in order to enhance ROI during UA campaigns. Learn more Synthetic Data Generation Synthetic data generation creates artificial data that mimics patterns or characteristics of real-world data for training and testing AI models. Learn more Target Audience A Target Audience identifies the specific demographic a product is designed for, considering factors like age, interests, technical proficiency, and platform preferences to guide design decisions that will resonate with intended users. Learn more Tracked Pose Driver Tracked Pose Driver is a component that streamlines the implementation of motion tracking by automatically mapping physical device movements to their virtual counterparts, simplifying development of responsive and intuitive user interactions. Learn more Transportation Design Transportation Design in virtual environments combines aesthetic vehicle modeling with realistic physics simulation and intuitive control systems to create authentic yet engaging transportation experiences that balance realism with enjoyable interaction mechanics. Learn more Uncanny Valley The uncanny valley describes the psychological discomfort people feel when a digital character or robot looks almost, but not quite, human. Learn more Unified Auction Unified Auction is an ad monetization approach that allows multiple advertising buyers to compete simultaneously for inventory in real-time, maximizing revenue potential by ensuring the highest possible bid wins each impression. Learn more Urban Mobility Learn more Urban Planning Urban planning applies design principles to virtual environments by creating believable cityscapes with realistic layouts, traffic patterns, and architectural diversity that enhance authenticity and player immersion in digital worlds. Learn more User Acquisition User Acquisition is an app marketing campaign seeking to acquire high-value users that drive revenue. Learn more User Engagement User Engagement measures the degree of user interaction within an app. Learn more User Interface User Interface comprises all elements users interact with in a digital application, including visual displays, controls, and feedback systems designed to create intuitive, efficient, and satisfying interactions between humans and software. Learn more User Interface Design User Interface Design Learn more User Segmentation User Segmentation is the process of dividing an app’s user base into groups based on their behaviors and demographics. Learn more vCPM vCPM, or viewable CPM , is a pricing model measuring how many users view a specific ad, as opposed to a whole website page. Learn more Version Control Version control, also known as source code management, uses tools to track changes or edits made to source code over time. Learn more Vestibular System The vestibular system is the inner ear's balance mechanism; mismatches with visual input cause VR motion sickness. Learn more View-Through Attribution View-Through Attribution measures how many users download an app after viewing an ad, rather than clicking on it. Learn more Viewability Rate Viewability rate is the percentage of time an ad was viewable. Learn more Virtual Collaboration Virtual Collaboration enables geographically dispersed teams to work together in real-time through shared digital environments, featuring synchronized object manipulation, spatial communication systems, and version control to maintain workflow consistency. Learn more Virtual Reality (VR) Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated environment that fully replaces a user's surroundings with interactive, immersive content. Learn more Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality Programming Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality Programming leverages familiar programming languages like C# and C++ within specialized development frameworks that handle the unique requirements of spatial computing, including stereoscopic rendering, motion tracking, and interactive 3D environments. Learn more Virtual Surgery Virtual Surgery creates realistic medical procedure simulations with accurate anatomical models and physics-based tissue behavior, allowing practitioners to train and plan complex operations in risk-free environments with haptic feedback and performance tracking. Learn more Virtual Training Virtual Training creates safe, repeatable learning environments that simulate real-world scenarios, allowing users to develop skills through practice without real-world consequences while receiving immediate feedback and performance tracking. Learn more Virtual Try-on Virtual Try-on technology enables users to visualize how products would look on their bodies or in their spaces through augmented reality and 3D visualization with realistic material rendering and physics simulation for accurate representation. Learn more Volumetric Video Volumetric Video captures three-dimensional representations of real-world spaces and subjects, allowing viewers to move freely within captured scenes rather than being limited to fixed viewpoints typical of traditional 360° video. Learn more VR Installation VR Installation describes location-based virtual reality experiences enhanced with physical elements like specialized hardware, environmental effects, or custom infrastructure to create premium immersive experiences for marketing, entertainment, or education. Learn more WebAR WebAR enables augmented reality experiences directly through web browsers without requiring dedicated application downloads, making AR content more accessible while reducing friction for users across multiple platforms and devices. Learn more WebGL WebGLis a javascript API that renders interactive 2D and 3D graphics in a web browser, with no plugins needed. Learn more WebVR WebVR is an open standard that allows users to access virtual reality experiences directly through web browsers, eliminating installation barriers and making immersive content more accessible across different devices and platforms. Learn more